1. Painting
- Tsanangudzo: Painting ishoko rakajairwa kune maoparesheni anoitwa kuti agadzire firimu rekuvhara uchishandisa pendi nechinangwa chekuvharisa pamusoro pechinhu chekudzivirira uye aesthetics, nezvimwe.
-Chinangwa: Chinangwa chekupenda hachisi cheaesthetics chete, asiwo chekudzivirira uye, nekudaro, kuvandudzwa kwemhando yechigadzirwa.
1) Dziviriro: Zvizhinji zvezvinhu zvikuru zvinoumba mota mahwendefa esimbi, uye kana mota ikagadzirwa nendiro yesimbi sechifukidziro, inopindirana nehunyoro kana oxygen mumhepo kugadzira ngura. Chinangwa chikuru chekupenda ndechekudzivirira chinhu nekudzivirira ngura yakadaro (ngura).
2) Aesthetic: Chimiro chemota chine marudzi akati wandei epasi uye mitsetse senge matatu-dimensional nzvimbo, yakati sandara, nzvimbo yakakomberedzwa, mitsetse yakatwasuka, uye macurves. Nekupenda chinhu chakadaro chechimiro chakaoma, chinoratidza manzwiro emuvara anofanana nechimiro chemotokari uye inovandudza aesthetics yemotokari panguva imwe chete.
3) Kuvandudzwa kwekutengesa: Parizvino, kune mhando dzakasiyana dzemotokari pamusika, asi pakati padzo, kana uchienzanisa mota dzine chimiro chakabatana uye basa rakafanana, semuenzaniso, iyo ine matani maviri pendi inotaridzika zvirinani. kukosha kunowedzera seNenzira iyi, zvakare chimwe chezvinangwa kuedza kuvandudza kukosha kwechigadzirwa nekupenda. Pamusoro pezvo, kusimba kwekunze kwemotokari kunodiwa nekuda kwekukurumidza kuchinja kwezvakatipoteredza. Semuyenzaniso, kudiwa kwependi dzinoshanda dzinodzivirira kukuvadzwa kwefirimu rekuputira kunokonzerwa nekunaya kweasidhi uye kuderera kwekutanga kupenya kunokonzerwa nemabhurashi ekugeza mota otomatiki kuri kuwedzera, nekudaro zvichivandudza kutengesa.Kupenda otomatiki uye pendi yemanyorero ese ari maviri anoshandiswa zvichienderana nemhando yekuputira zvinodiwa.
2. Kuumbwa kwepende: Kuumbwa kwepende Pendi imvura inopenya umo zvikamu zvitatu zve pigment, resin, uye solvent zvakasanganiswa zvakafanana (zvakaparadzirwa).
- Pigment: Hupfu hweruvara husinganyungudika muzvinonyungudutsa kana mvura. Musiyano kubva kudhayi ndewekuti anoparadzirwa sezvidimbu zvisina kunyungudika mumvura kana zvinonyungudutsa. Iyo particle size inotangira kubva kune akati wandei ma micrometer kusvika akati wandei makumi ema micrometer. Uyezve, kune maumbirwo akasiyana-siyana, akadai sechimiro chedenderedzwa, chimiro chetsvimbo, chiumbwa chetsono, uye chakati chechetere. Ihupfu (hupfu) inopa ruvara (mavara emagetsi) uye simba rokuvanza (kukwanisa kuvhara uye kuvanza pamusoro pechinhu nekuve opaque) kune firimu yekuputira, uye kune marudzi maviri: inorganic uye organic. Pigment), polishing, uye extender pigments inoshandiswa kunatsiridza kunzwa kwenyika. Mapendi asina ruvara uye akajeka anonzi akajeka pakati pependi, kana pigment isingabatanidzwe kubva kune izvo zvinoumba pendi,
Inoshandiswa kupa firimu rekuvhara zvakanyanya kupenya.
1) Basa re pigment
* Ruvara pigment: kugovera ruvara, kuvanza simba
enda. Inorganic pigments: Aya anonyanya kuve mavara echisikigo akadai sechena, yero, uye yakatsvuka mashava. Iwo masimbi emagetsi akadai se zingi, titanium, lead iron, mhangura, etc. Kazhinji, vane yakanakisa yemamiriro ekunze kuramba uye kupisa kudzivirira kuvanza zvinhu, asi maererano nekujeka kwemavara, hazvina kunaka senge organic pigments. Sependi yemotokari, inorganic pigment yega haishandiswe. Uyezve, kubva pakuona kwekudzivirira kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, pigment ine simbi inorema inokuvadza senge cadmium uye chromium haisati yashandiswa.
iwe. Organic pigment: Inogadzirwa neorganic synthesis ne periodic chemical reaction, uye chinhu chakagadzirwa nesimbi inosanganiswa kana sezvazviri mumasikirwo. Kazhinji, nzvimbo yekuvanda haina kunyanya kunaka, asi sezvo ruvara rwakajeka runowanikwa, rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya pakupenda kwakajeka kwemavara akasimba, ruvara rwesimbi, uye mica ruvara sepende yekunze kwemotokari.
* Anti-ngura pigment: kudzivirira ngura
* Extender Pigment: Firimu yakaoma yekuputira inogona kuwanikwa, ichidzivirira kuora kweiyo firimu yekupfeka uye kugadzirisa kusimba.
- Resin: Mvura inoonekera inobatanidza pigment uye pigment uye inopa kupenya, kuoma, uye kunamatira kune firimu rekuputira. Rimwe zita rinonzi binder. Kuomesa zvimiro uye kusimba kweiyo firimu yekuputira kunoenderana zvakanyanya nemaitiro eiyo resin.
1) Resin yechisikigo: Inonyanya kutorwa kana kuvanzirwa kubva muzvirimwa uye inoshandiswa pendi senge mafuta-based varnish, varnish, uye lacquer.
2) Synthetic resin: Iri izwi rekare kune iro rakagadzirwa kuburikidza nemakemikari kuita kubva kwakasiyana makemikari zvinhu. Iyo organic compound ine yakakura kwazvo molecular uremu kana ichienzaniswa neakasikwa resin. Pamusoro pezvo, masisitimu ekugadzira akakamurwa kuita thermoplastic resins (inonyorovesa uye inonyungudika kana yapiswa) uye thermosetting resins (inoomeswa nemakemikari kuita nekuisa kupisa, uye haipfave nekunyungudika kunyangwe ichipisa zvakare mushure mekutonhora).
- Solvent: Imvura inoonekera inonyungudutsa resin kuitira kuti pigment uye resin zvisangane nyore nyore. Mushure mekupenda, inoputika seyakaonda uye hairambe iri pafirimu yekuputira.
Car paint
1. Muchidimbu uye Tsanangudzo yePaints: Kubva pamaonero ekupa 'kudzivirira ngura (anti-rust)' uye 'runako zvivakwa', pendi dzemotokari dzakaita basa mukuvandudza kutengeswa kwemotokari nekushandisa matekinoroji epanguva iyoyo. Muzvinhu zvinotevera zvemhando yepamusoro, pendi uye masisitimu ekuputira zvakagadzirirwa kuzadzisa aya hunhu hwekuputira zvakanyanya mune zvehupfumi.
Mapendi anowanzo kuyerera uye ane midziyo yekupfekedzwa pamusoro pechinhu chichaputirwa uye kugadzira firimu rinoenderera (kupfekedza firimu) kuburikidza nekuomesa nekurapa maitiro. Zvinoenderana nehunhu uye makemikari emufirimu wekuputira akaumbwa nenzira iyi, 'kudzivirira ngura' uye 'plasty' zvinopihwa kune chinhu chinoputirwa.
2. Nzira yekupenda motokari. Uye zvakare, sezvo maitiro eiyo firimu yekuputira anoenderana neakanaka uye akaipa maitiro ekushanda, pendi inoshandiswa mune imwe neimwe nzira inogadzirwa kuitira kuti iyo yakapihwa basa guru rigone kukwidziridzwa mukutarisisa mamiriro ekuita.Iko kushandiswa kunodzorwa zvakanyanya muchitoro chepende.
Maitiro ari pamusoro apa ndeye 3-bhachi kana 4-coat coat system inonyanya kushandiswa pakupfekedza ekunze mapaneru emotokari, uye firimu rekuvhara rinoumbwa mune yega yega maitiro rinoratidza mabasa anozotsanangurwa gare gare uye inomisikidza kunaka kwekupfeka kwemotokari sekuzara. Coating system. Mumarori nemotokari dzakareruka, pane zviitiko apo maviri-ejasi coating system umo nhanho yepakati inosiiwa kubva padanho rekupfekedza rinoshandiswa. Zvakare, mumotokari dzepamusoro-soro, zvinokwanisika kuwana mhando iri nani nekushandisa iyo yepakati kana yepamusoro jasi kaviri.
Zvakare, nguva pfupi yadarika, maitiro ekudzikisa mutengo wekupfekedza nekubatanidza nzira dzepakati nepamusoro dzekupfeka dzakadzidzwa uye dzakashandiswa.
- Surface kurapwa maitiro: Inovandudza kudzivirira ngura nekudzvanya kuita ngura kwesimbi uye kusimbisa kunamatira pakati peiyo undercoat (electrodeposition film) uye zvinhu (substrate). Parizvino, zinc phosphate ndiyo chikamu chikuru chemufirimu, uye nzira yekurapa yekudhibha ndiyo yakajairika kuitira kuti igone kubata zvakakwana zvikamu zvine zvimiro zvakaoma. Kunyanya, kune cationic electrodeposition, masimbi akadai seFe, Ni, uye Mn kunze kweZn anosanganiswa mujasi kuti awedzere kuvandudza kushorwa.
- Electrodeposition coating (Cathion type electrodeposition primer): Undercoating inonyanya kugovera basa rekudzivirira ngura. Pamusoro peakanakisa anti-rust zvivakwa, cationic electrodeposition pendi yakavakirwa epoxy resin ine zvinotevera zvakanakira mumotokari undercoating. ① Iko hakuna kuburitswa kwezinc phosphate yakarapwa firimu panguva ye electrodeposition coating. ② Inhibitory mhedzisiro yecorrosion reaction nekuda kwekutanga mune resin dhizaini ③ Yakanakisa anti-ngura pfuma nekuda kwekuita kwekuchengetedza kunamatira nekuda kweyakanyanya alkali kuramba kweepoxy resin.
1) Zvakanakira zve cationic electrodeposition
* Kunyange maumbirwo akaoma anogona kuputirwa nehukobvu hwefirimu hwakafanana
* Yakanakisa kupinda mukati muzvikamu zvakaoma uye majoini.
* Otomatiki pendi
* Kugadziriswa kuri nyore uye manejimendi emutsara.
* Yakanaka kupenda kushanda.
* UF yakavharwa-loop mvura yekugeza sisitimu inogona kuiswa (kushomeka kurasikirwa kwepende uye kushomeka kusvibiswa kwemvura yetsvina)
* Yakaderera solvent yemukati uye yakaderera kusvibiswa kwemhepo.
* Ipendi ine mvura, uye hapana ngozi yemoto.
2) Cationic electrodeposition pendi: Kazhinji, iyo polyamino resin inowanikwa nekuwedzera yekutanga kune quaternary amines kune epoxy resin. Inogadziriswa neasidhi (acetic acid) kuita kuti inyungudika nemvura. Pamusoro pezvo, nzira yekurapa yefirimu yekuputira ndeye urethane crosslinking reaction type uchishandisa Yakavharwa Isocyanate seanorapa.
3) Kuvandudza basa rependi ye electrodeposition: Inopararira pasirese seyemotokari undercoat, asi tsvagiridzo nekusimudzira zvinoramba zvichivandudza kwete chete anti-corrosive mhando yemota yese asiwo mhando yekupurasita.
* Rust kudzivirira basa/protective layer
enda. Kupfekedza zvachose pfuma, kupinza kuramba kwemajoini, chipping resistance
iwe. Anti-ngura simbi sheet aptitude (inodzivirira mvura kunamatira, spin-resistance)
ita. Kudzika-tembiricha kuomesa (Kunatsiridza ngura kuramba yerubha-yakanamatira zvikamu, nezvimwewo)
* Cosmetic basa/decorative
enda. Kupfekedza zvimiro zvesimbi ndiro roughness (inobatsira mukuvandudza kutsetseka uye kupenya, nezvimwewo)
iwe. Yellowing resistance (kudzivisa yellowing yewhite topcoat)
- Jasi repakati: Jasi repakati rinoita basa rekubatsira kuti riwedzere basa rekudzivirira ngura reiyo undercoat (electrodeposition) uye basa rekupurasita rejasi repamusoro, uye rine basa rekuvandudza kunaka kwepende yehurongwa hwese hwekupenda. Mukuwedzera, iyo yepakati yekupfekedza nzira iri kubatsira mukudzikisa kukanganisa kwekuvhara nekuti inovhara zvisingadzivisike kukanganisa kweiyo undercoat (kukwenya, guruva adhesion, nezvimwewo) kune imwe nhanho mumutsara chaiwo wekupenda.
Pendi yepakati imhando inoshandisa mafuta-isina polyester resin seyakakosha resin uye kupisa-inorapa nekuunza melamine resin uye munguva pfupi yapfuura urethane (Bl). Munguva ichangopfuura, kuitira kuvandudza chipping kuramba, chipping primer dzimwe nguva inoputirwa nekunyorova pane yakanyorova pakati pre-process.
1) Kugara kwejasi repakati
* Kuramba kwemvura: kuderera kunyura uye kudzvinyirira kuitika kwemablister
* Chipping resistance: Inobvisa simba rekuita kana dombo rikakandwa uye inoderedza kukuvadzwa kwefirimu rekuputira rinotungamira kune ruzha uye rinodzvinyirira kuitika kwekuora kwescab.
* Kuramba kwemamiriro ekunze: Kuderera kushoma nekuda kwemwaranzi yeUV, uye inodzvanya kufumurwa kwekunze kwejasi repamusoro.
2) Plastering basa repakati jasi
* Undercoating chivakwa: Inobatsira mukutsvedzerera kwekunze kwekunze nekuvhara kushata kwepamusoro peiyo electrodeposition coating.
* Solvent resistance: Nekudzvinyirira kuzvimba uye kunyungudika kwejasi repakati neruremekedzo kunyungudika kwejasi repamusoro, kutaridzika kwepamusoro-kusiyana kunowanikwa.
* Kugadziriswa kwemavara: Iyo jasi repakati rinowanzo grey, asi munguva pfupi yapfuura zvinogoneka kuisa jasi repamusoro rine yakaderera kuvanza zvimiro nekuipenda (ruvara sealer).
3) Pendi yepakati
* Hunhu hunodiwa pajasi repakati: kupeta kuramba, chigadziko chekuvanza, kunamatira kune electrodeposition firimu, kutsvedzereka, hapana kurasikirwa kwechiedza, kunamatira kune jasi repamusoro, mwenje kudzikira kuramba.
-Topcoat: Basa rakakura retopcoat nderekupa zvekuzora zvivakwa uye kuchengetedza nekuzvichengeta. Pane zvinhu zvemhando yepamusoro zvakaita seruvara, kutsvedzereka kwepasi, kupenya, uye kunaka kwemufananidzo (kukwanisa kujekesa zvakajeka mufananidzo wechinhu chiri mufirimu rekuputira). Mukuwedzera, kukwanisa kuchengetedza nekuchengetedza aesthetics yemotokari dzakadaro kwenguva yakareba inodiwa kune jasi repamusoro.
-Topcoat: Basa rakakura retopcoat nderekupa zvekuzora zvivakwa uye kuchengetedza nekuzvichengeta. Pane zvinhu zvemhando yepamusoro zvakaita seruvara, kutsvedzereka kwepasi, kupenya, uye kunaka kwemufananidzo (kukwanisa kujekesa zvakajeka mufananidzo wechinhu chiri mufirimu rekuputira). Mukuwedzera, kukwanisa kuchengetedza nekuchengetedza aesthetics yemotokari dzakadaro kwenguva yakareba inodiwa kune jasi repamusoro.
1) Jasi repamusoro: Mavara anoiswa muzvikamu zvinoenderana nepigment base yakaiswa papende, uye yakakamurwa zvakanyanya kuita mica color, simbi yesimbi uye yakasimba ruvara zvichienderana nekuti flake pigment senge maflakes ealuminium poda anoshandiswa.
* Hunhu hwekutaridzika: kutsvedzerera, kupenya, kujeka, kunzwa kwenyika
* Durability: gloss kuchengetedza uye kudzivirira, shanduko yemavara, kupera
* Adhesion: Recoat adhesion, 2 toni adhesion, adhesion nepakati
* Solvent kuramba
* Chemical kuramba
* Hunhu hunoshanda: kuramba kwekugeza mota, acid yekunaya kwemvura, chipping kuramba
2) Pendi ine ushamwari hwezvakatipoteredza
* Yakakwirira Yakasimba: Iyi pendi yakakwirira-yakaoma inopindura kuVOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) mitemo, uye imhando inoderedza kuwanda kwe organic solvent inoshandiswa. Iyo inoratidzirwa nekunzwa kwakanaka kwenyika uye kushandisa yakaderera-molecular-uremu resin.
* Mvura Bome Type (pendi yakavakirwa pamvura): Iyi pendi inoderedza huwandu hweorganic solvent inoshandiswa uye inoshandisa mvura (mvura yakachena) sependi yakatetepa. Sechimiro, preheating nzvimbo (IR_Preheat) inogona kuputika mvura inodiwa mukuita kwekupenda, saka kugadzirisa nzvimbo kunodiwa, uye sprayer inodawo nzira ye electrode yependi yemvura.
3) Pendi inoshanda
* CCS (Complex Crosslinking System, yakaoma crosslinking type pendi): Imhando yeurethane (isocyanate) kana silane resin umo chikamu chemelamine resin, chiri panjodzi yekunaya kweacid mu acrylic/melamine resin system, inotsiviwa. , uye kupikisa kweasidhi uye kuramba kwekukwenya kunovandudzwa.
* NCS (New Crosslinking System, New Crosslinking Type Paint): Pendi isina-melamine-based yakagadzirwa neacid-epoxy kurapa paacrylic resin. Iyo ine yakanakisa asidhi inodzivirira, kukwenya kuramba, uye kusamira kwemavara.
-Kupfekedza kushanda kwejasi repamusoro: Kuti uwane mune zveupfumi kuberekana kwakanaka kwejasi repamusoro rakanangwa, kushanda kwakanaka kwependi (atomization, kuyerera, pinhole, kutsvedzerera, nezvimwewo) kwakakosha. Nokuda kweizvi, zvakakosha kugadzirisa maitiro e-viscosity muhuwandu hwemafirimu ekugadzira maitiro kubva pakupenda kusvika pakubika uye kuomesa. Mamiriro ekunze ekupenda akadai setembiricha, humidity, uye kumhanya kwemhepo kweimba yekupendi zvinhu zvakare zvakakosha.
1) Viscosity ye resin: molecular uremu, kugarisana (solubility parameter: SP kukosha)
2) Pigment: kunyura kwemafuta, pigment concentration (PWC), yakaparadzirwa particle size
3) Additives: viscous agent, leveling agent, defoaming agent, color separation inhibitor, nezvimwewo.
4) Kurapa kumhanya: kusangana kwemapoka anoshanda mu base resin, reactivity ye crosslinking agent
Mukuwedzera, kuwanda kwefirimu yekuputira kune simba guru pakuonekwa kwakapedzwa kwejasi repamusoro. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, chimiro che viscous mumiriri senge microgel inoita kuti zvikwanise kuwana zvese kuyerera uye kuenzana zvivakwa, uye chitarisiko chakapedzwa chinovandudzwa neakakora firimu coating.
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- Kupokana kwemamiriro ekunze ekupfekedzwa kwepamusoro: Kunyangwe mota dzakafumurwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana, iyo yepamusoro inogamuchira chiitiko chechiedza, mvura, okisijeni, kupisa, nezvimwe. Nekuda kweizvozvo, chiverengero chezviitiko zvisingafadzi zvinoitika izvo zvinokanganisa kunaka.
1) Optical phenomena
* Kushatisa kwegloss: Kutsvedzerera kwepamusoro peiyo firimu yekuputira kwakakuvadzwa, uye kupararira kuratidzwa kwechiedza kubva pamusoro kunowedzera. Kuumbwa kweresin kwakakosha, asi kunewo mhedzisiro yepigment.
* Discoloration: Iro toni yemavara ekutanga kupfeka inoshanduka zvichienderana nekuchembera kwepigment kana resin mufirimu rekuputira. Zvekushandisa zvemotokari, pigment inonyanya kupikisa mamiriro ekunze inofanira kusarudzwa.
2) mechanical phenomena
* Kutsemuka: Kutsemuka kunoitika muyekuputira firimu repamusoro kana firimu rose rekuputira nekuda kwekuchinja kwehunhu hweiyo firimu yekuputira nekuda kwephotooxidation kana hydrolysis (yakaderera elongation, adhesion, nezvimwewo) uye kushushikana kwemukati. Kunyanya, inowanzoitika mune simbi yakajeka yekuputira firimu, uye nekuwedzera kune kugadziriswa kweiyo yekubikira firimu chimiro chechimiro cheiyo acrylic resin uye kugadziridzwa kweiyo yekuputira firimu chimiro chemuviri, kushandiswa kweiyo ultraviolet absorber uye antioxidant. inoshanda.
* Peeling: Iyo firimu yekuputira inobviswa zvishoma nekuda kwekudzikira kwekunamira kweiyo firimu rekupfekedza kana kudzikira kweiyo rheological properties, uye kuita kwemasimba ekunze akadai sekuputika kana kudengenyeka kwematombo.
3) chiitiko chemakemikari
* Kusvibiswa kwemavara: Kana chin’ai, zvitunha zvezvipembenene, kana kuti mvura yeasidhi ikanamatira pamusoro pefirimu rinomonerera, chikamu chacho chinova nemavara uye chinoshanduka kuva mavara. Izvo zvinodikanwa kuti uise scratch-resistant, alkali-resistant pigment uye resin. Chimwe chezvikonzero nei jasi rakajeka rinoshandiswa kune ruvara rwesimbi ndeyekuchengetedza aluminium poda.
- Matambudziko eramangwana ejasi repamusoro: Iyo aesthetics uye dhizaini iri kuramba ichinyanya kukosha mukuvandudza kutengeserana kwezvivakwa zvemotokari. Ndichiri kupindura kusiyanisa kwezvido uye shanduko yezvinhu zvakaita semapurasitiki, zvinodikanwa kuti upindure kune zvinodiwa munharaunda sekuipa kwenzvimbo inotaridzwa yemotokari uye kudzikiswa kwekusvibiswa kwemhepo. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, majaketi epamusoro emotokari inotevera ari kutariswa.
Ngatitarisei zvakanyanya kune akajairwa emotokari pendi maitiro uye tione uko kupisa uye kutamisa huwandu zvakakosha maapplication. Iyo general pendi maitiro emotokari ndeaya anotevera.
① Kurapwa
② Electrodeposition (undercoat)
③ Pendi yesimbi
④ Under Coating
⑤ kupenda wakisi
⑥ Anti-Chip Primer
⑦ Primer
⑧ Top Coat
⑨ Kubvisa kukanganisa uye kukwenenzvera
Nzira yekugadzira motokari inotora maawa makumi maviri, ayo maawa gumi, iyo hafu, iyo yakanyorwa pamusoro inotora maawa gumi. Pakati pavo, iyo inonyanya kukosha uye yakakosha maitiro ndeye pretreatment, electrodeposition coating (undercoat coat), primer coating, uye top coating. Ngatitarisei pamaitiro aya.
Nguva yekutumira: Nov-08-2022
