1. Kupenda
-Tsanangudzo: Kupenda izwi rinowanzo shandiswa pakuita mabasa anoitwa kugadzira firimu rekuputira uchishandisa pendi nechinangwa chekufukidza pamusoro pechinhu kuti chidzivirire uye chionekwe zvakanaka, nezvimwewo.
-Chinangwa: Chinangwa chekupenda hachisi chekutarisa runako chete, asiwo chekudzivirira uye, nekudaro, kuvandudza kunaka kwechigadzirwa.
1) Dziviriro: Zvizhinji zvezvinhu zvikuru zvinoumba mota isimbi, uye kana mota yakagadzirwa nesimbi sechifukidziro, inosangana nehunyoro kana okisijeni mumhepo kuti ibudise ngura. Chinangwa chikuru chekupenda ndechekudzivirira chinhu nekudzivirira ngura yakadaro (ngura).
2) Runako: Chimiro chemotokari chine mhando dzakasiyana dzenzvimbo nemitsetse dzakadai senzvimbo dzine mativi matatu, nzvimbo dzakati sandara, nzvimbo dzakakombama, mitsetse yakatwasuka, uye makombama. Nekupenda chinhu chakaoma kudaro, chinoratidza ruvara runoenderana nechimiro chemotokari uye chinovandudza runako rwemotokari panguva imwe chete.
3) Kuvandudzwa kwekutengeseka: Parizvino, kune mhando dzakasiyana dzemotokari dziri pamusika, asi pakati padzo, kana tichienzanisa mota dzine chimiro chakabatana uye basa rimwe chete, semuenzaniso, iyo ine pendi ine matani maviri inotaridzika zviri nani. kukosha kwayo kunowedzera sezvo Nenzira iyi, chimwe chezvinangwa ndechekuedza kuvandudza kukosha kwechigadzirwa nekupenda. Pamusoro pezvo, kugara kwenguva refu kwekunze kwemotokari kunodiwa nekuda kwekuchinja kwezvakatipoteredza nekukurumidza munguva pfupi yapfuura. Semuenzaniso, kudiwa kwependi dzinoshanda dzinodzivirira kukuvara kwefirimu rekuputira kunokonzerwa nemvura ine acid uye kuora kwekupenya kwekutanga kunokonzerwa nemabhurashi ekuwachisa mota otomatiki kuri kuwedzera, nokudaro zvichivandudza kutengeseka.Kupenda otomatiki uye kupenda nemaoko zvese zvinoshandiswa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa pakupeta.
2. Kuumbwa kwependi: Kuumbwa kwependi Pendi imvura ine viscous umo zvikamu zvitatu zvepigment, resin, uye solvent zvinosanganiswa zvakaenzana (zvakapararira).
- Pigment: Upfu hune ruvara husinganyunguduke mumvura. Musiyano kubva kumadhayi ndewekuti hunopararira sezvimedu zvisina kunyungudutswa mumvura kana muzvimedu. Hukuru hwezvimedu hunotangira pama micrometer akati wandei kusvika pama micrometer makumi akati wandei. Uyezve, kune maumbirwo akasiyana-siyana, akadai sechimiro chedenderedzwa, chimiro chetsvimbo, chimiro chetsono, uye chimiro chakapfava. Ihupfu (hupfu) hunopa ruvara (simba rekupenda) uye simba rekuviga (kukwanisa kufukidza nekuvanza pamusoro pechinhu nekusaonekwa) kufirimu rekuputira, uye kune marudzi maviri: inorganic neorganic. Pigment), kupolisha, uye mapigment ekutambanudza anoshandiswa kuvandudza kunzwa kwevhu. Mapendi asina ruvara uye akajeka anonzi akajeka pakati pemapendi, apo mapigment akabviswa muzvikamu zvinoumba pendi,
Inoshandiswa kupa firimu rekuputira kupenya kwakanyanya.
1) Basa reruvara rwepigment
* Pigments dzemavara: kupa ruvara, kuvanza simba
enda. Pigments inorganic: Idzi ipendi dzechisikigo dzakadai sechena, yero, uye tsvuku brown. Idzi isimbi dzakadai se zinc, titanium, lead iron, copper, nezvimwewo. Kazhinji, dzine hunhu hwakanaka hwekudzivirira mamiriro ekunze uye hunodzivirira kupisa, asi kana tichitaura nezvekupenya kwemavara, hadzina kunaka sependi yeorganic. Sependi yemotokari, pigment inorganic chete haishandiswe. Uyezve, kubva pakuona kwekudzivirira kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, pigments dzine simbi dzinokuvadza dzakadai se cadmium ne chromium hadzisi kushandiswa parizvino.
iwe. Pigment yeOrganic: Inogadzirwa nekugadzirwa kweorganic ne periodic chemical reaction, uye chinhu chakagadzirwa nesimbi kana sezvazviri. Kazhinji, nzvimbo yekuviga haina kunaka, asi sezvo ruvara rwakajeka runowanikwa, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya pakupenda ruvara rwakajeka, ruvara rwesimbi, uye ruvara rwe mica sependi yekunze kwemotokari.
* Pigment inodzivirira ngura: kudzivirira ngura
* Extender Pigment: Firimu rakaoma rinofukidza rinogona kuwanikwa, richidzivirira kuora kwefirimu rinofukidza uye richivandudza kugara kwenguva refu.
- Resin: Mvura inoonekera inobatanidza pigment nepigment uye inoita kuti firimu repeat rive rakajeka, rakaomarara, uye rinamire. Rimwe zita rinonzi binder. Hunhu hwekuomesa uye kugara kwenguva refu kwefirimu repeat zvinoenderana zvakanyanya nehunhu hweresin.
1) Resin yechisikigo: Inonyanya kubviswa kana kuburitswa kubva mumiti uye inoshandiswa pakupenda zvakaita se varnish yakagadzirwa nemafuta, varnish, uye lacquer.
2) Synthetic resin: Izwi rinowanzo shandiswa kune ayo akagadzirwa kuburikidza nemakemikari anobva muzvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemakemikari. Imusanganiswa weorganic une huremu hwakawanda hwemamorekuru kana tichienzanisa nemaresini echisikigo. Pamusoro pezvo, maresini ekugadzira akakamurwa kuita maresini ethermoplastic (anonyorovesa uye anonyunguduka kana apiswa) uye maresini ethermosetting (anoomesa nemakemikari nekuisa kupisa, uye haanyorove kana kunyunguduka kunyangwe kana apiswa zvakare mushure mekutonhora).
- Chinonyungudutsa: Imvura inopenya inonyungudutsa resin kuitira kuti pigment neresin zvisanganiswe zviri nyore. Mushure mekupenda, inopwanyika seyakatetepa uye haigari pafirimu rekuputira.
Ckupenda kwe ar
1. Pfupiso uye Tsananguro yePendi: Kubva pamaonero ekupa 'kudzivirira ngura (kurwisa ngura)' uye 'hunhu hwekunaka', pendi dzemotokari dzakabatsira mukuvandudza kutengeswa kwemotokari nekushandisa matekinoroji emazuva ano enguva iyoyo. Muzvinhu zvinotevera zvemhando yepamusoro, pendi uye masisitimu ekuputira akagadzirwa kuti awane hunhu uhwu hwekuputira hune pundutso.
Pendi inowanzo yerera uye ine hunhu hwekuputirwa pamusoro pechinhu chinofanira kuputirwa uye kugadzira firimu rinoenderera mberi (firimu rekuputira) kuburikidza nekuomesa nekugadzira. Zvichienderana nehunhu hwemuviri uye hwemakemikari hwefirimu rekuputira rakaumbwa nenzira iyi, 'kudzivirira ngura' uye 'purasitiki' zvinopihwa kune chinhu chinofanira kuputirwa.
2. Maitiro ekupenda mota: Kuti uwane mhando ye coating yemotokari yauri kuda kushandisa nenzira isingadhuri zvakanyanya, maitiro e coating uye specifications dze coating zvinoiswa, uye hunhu hwese hwakakosha hunopihwa ku coating film inowanikwa mu coating process yega yega. Pamusoro pezvo, sezvo hunhu hwe coating film hunoenderana nekushanda zvakanaka nezvakaipa kwe coating process, pendi inoshandiswa mu coating process yega yega yakagadzirwa kuitira kuti basa guru rakapihwa rigone kuwedzerwa kana tichitarisa mamiriro e coating.Kushandiswa kwacho kunodzorwa zvakasimba muchitoro chependi.
Maitiro ari pamusoro apa isystem yekuvhara ine majasi matatu kana mana inonyanya kushandiswa pakufukidza mapaneru ekunze emotokari, uye firimu rekuvhara rinoumbwa mumaitiro ese rinoratidza mabasa achatsanangurwa gare gare uye rinosimbisa mhando yekuvhara yemotokari sesystem yakazara yekuvhara. Mumarori nemotokari diki, pane zviitiko apo system yekuvhara ine majasi maviri umo danho repakati rinobviswa padanho rekuvhara rinoshandiswa. Zvakare, mumotokari dzemhando yepamusoro, zvinokwanisika kuwana mhando iri nani nekushandisa iyo intermediate kana top coat kaviri.
Uyewo, munguva pfupi yapfuura, nzira yekuderedza mutengo wekuputira nekubatanidza maitiro ekuputira epakati neepamusoro yakadzidzwa uye yakashandiswa.
- Maitiro ekurapa pamusoro: Inovandudza kudzivirira ngura nekudzora ngura yesimbi uye kusimbisa kubatana pakati peundercoat (electrodeposition film) nezvinhu (substrate). Parizvino, zinc phosphate ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa mufirimu, uye nzira yekurapa yekunyudza ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa kuitira kuti ikwanise kurapa zvikamu zvine maumbirwo akaomarara. Kunyanya, kune cationic electrodeposition, simbi dzakadai seFe, Ni, uye Mn kunze kweZn dzinosanganiswa mu coating kuti dziwedzere kuvandudza ngura.
- Kuvhara Electrodeposition (Cathion type electrodeposition primer): Kuvhara undercoating kunonyanya kushanda pamwe chete nekudzivirira ngura. Kuwedzera kune hunhu hwakanaka hwekudzivirira ngura, pendi yecationic electrodeposition yakavakirwa pa epoxy resin ine zvakanakira zvinotevera mukuvhara undercoating yemotokari. ① Hapana kudzima kwefirimu rakagadziriswa ne zinc phosphate panguva yekuvhara electrodeposition. ② Mhedzisiro yekudzivirira ngura nekuda kwekuva nyore muchimiro che resin ③ Hunhu hwakanaka hwekudzivirira ngura nekuda kwekuchengetedza kunamira nekuda kwe alkali resistance ye epoxy resin.
1) Mabhenefiti ekuisa cationic electrode
* Kunyangwe maumbirwo akaomarara anogona kuputirwa nehupamhi hwefirimu hwakafanana
* Kupinda kwakanaka kwemukati muzvikamu zvakaoma uye majoini.
* Kupenda otomatiki
* Kugadziriswa uye kutarisirwa kuri nyore kwetambo.
* Kushanda zvakanaka pakupenda.
* Sisitimu yekuwachisa mvura yeUF inogona kushandiswa (kurasikirwa kwependi zvishoma uye kusvibiswa kwemvura yakasviba kushoma)
* Kuwanda kwezvinonyungudutsa uye kusvibiswa kwemhepo kwakaderera.
* Ipendi inobva mumvura, uye hapana njodzi yekubvira moto.
2) Pendi yeCationic electrodeposition: Kazhinji, ipolyamino resin inowanikwa nekuwedzera primary kune quaternary amines kune epoxy resin. Inonyungudutswa ne acid (acetic acid) kuti iite soluble mumvura. Pamusoro pezvo, nzira yekupisa yefirimu re coating imhando ye urethane crosslinking reaction uchishandisa Blocked Isocyanate semushonga wekupisa.
3) Kuvandudza mashandiro ependi yekuisa electrodeposition: Yakapararira pasi rese se undercoat yemotokari, asi tsvakiridzo nekuvandudzwa kuri kuramba kuchivandudza kwete chete hunhu hwemotokari yese hunodzivirira ngura asiwo hunhu hwekupurasita.
* Basa rekudzivirira ngura/rukoko rwekudzivirira
famba. Hunhu hwekufukidza zvachose, kuramba kupinda kwemajoini, kuramba kupwanyika
iwe. Kugona kwesimbi kudzivirira ngura (kunamatira kunodzivirira mvura, kuramba kutenderera)
kuita. Kuomesa zvinhu pakupisa kushoma (Kudzivirira ngura kwezvikamu zvakanamirwa nerabha, nezvimwewo)
* Basa rekushongedza/zvinoshongedza
Zvinoita kuti simbi itsvedzerere (zvinobatsira pakuvandudza kutsvedzerera nekupenya, nezvimwewo)
iwe. Kudzivirira kutsvuka kwebvudzi (kudzivisa kutsvuka kwebvudzi jena)
- Ganda repakati: Ganda repakati rinoita basa rekubatsira pakuwedzera basa rekudzivirira ngura repasi peganda (electrodeposition) uye basa rekuisa plaster pamusoro peganda, uye rine basa rekuvandudza mhando yependi yehurongwa hwese hwekupenda. Pamusoro pezvo, maitiro ekuisa jira repakati ari kubatsira mukuderedza zvikanganiso zvekupenda nekuti anovhara zvikanganiso zvisingadzivisiki zvepasi peganda (kukwenya, kunamira kweguruva, nezvimwewo) kusvika pamwero wakati mumutsara chaiwo wekupenda.
Pendi yepakati imhando inoshandisa polyester resin isina mafuta seresin yekutanga uye inoiporesa nekupisa nekuisa melamine resin uye urethane (Bl) munguva pfupi yapfuura. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, kuitira kuvandudza kuramba kwemachipping, primer yechipping dzimwe nguva inoputirwa ne wet pamusoro pe wet pakati pe pre-process.
1) Kugara kwenguva refu kweganda repakati
* Kudzivirira mvura: kusanyorova uye kunoderedza kubuda kwemapundu
* Kudzivirira kupwanyika kwematombo: Kunotora simba rekurova kana dombo rikakandwa uye kunoderedza kukuvara kwefirimu rinofukidza matombo rinotungamira kune ruzha uye kunoderedza kuitika kwekuora kweganda.
* Kusasimba kwemamiriro ekunze: Kuderedza kuora kwechiedza nekuda kwemwaranzi yeUV, uye kunoderedza kudonha kweganda repamusoro paganda.
2) Basa rekupurasita repakati pejasi
* Hunhu hwepasi pejira: Hunobatsira pakutsvedzerera kwekunze kwapera nekuvhara kuomarara kwepamusoro pejira rekuisa electrodeposition.
* Kudzivirira zvinonyungudutsa: Nekudzvinyirira kuzvimba nekunyunguduka kweganda repakati maererano nezvinonyungudutsa zveganda repamusoro, hunhu hwekutaridzika hwakasiyana hunowanikwa.
* Kugadziriswa kweruvara: Ganda repakati rinowanzova grey, asi munguva pfupi yapfuura zvinokwanisika kuisa top coat ine hunhu hushoma hwekuifukidza nekupenda (color sealer).
3) Pendi yepakati
*Hunhu hunodiwa kuti pave neganda repakati: kuramba kuchekwa kwezvimedu, kuvanza hwaro, kunamira pafirimu rekuisa electrode, kutsvedzerera, kusarasikirwa nechiedza, kunamira paganda repamusoro, kuramba kuchekwa kwechiedza
- Topcoat: Basa guru retopcoat nderekupa hunhu hwekushongedza uye kuichengetedza. Kune zvinhu zvemhando yepamusoro zvakaita seruvara, kutsvedzerera kwepamusoro, kupenya, uye kunaka kwemufananidzo (kukwanisa kujekesa zvakajeka mufananidzo wechinhu chiri mufirimu rekuputira). Pamusoro pezvo, kugona kuchengetedza nekuchengetedza runako rwemotokari dzakadaro kwenguva yakareba kunodiwa kune topcoat.
- Topcoat: Basa guru retopcoat nderekupa hunhu hwekushongedza uye kuichengetedza. Kune zvinhu zvemhando yepamusoro zvakaita seruvara, kutsvedzerera kwepamusoro, kupenya, uye kunaka kwemufananidzo (kukwanisa kujekesa zvakajeka mufananidzo wechinhu chiri mufirimu rekuputira). Pamusoro pezvo, kugona kuchengetedza nekuchengetedza runako rwemotokari dzakadaro kwenguva yakareba kunodiwa kune topcoat.
1) Pendi yepamusoro: Mavara anorongwa zvichienderana neruvara rwependi, uye akakamurwa zvakanyanya kuva mica, simbi uye ruvara rwakasimba zvichienderana nekuti mapigments akaita searuminiyamu powder anoshandiswa here.
* Hunhu hwekutaridzika: kupfava, kupenya, kupenya, kunzwa kwepasi
* Kugara kwenguva refu: kuchengetedza nekudzivirira kupenya, kuchinja kwemavara, kupera simba
* Kunamira: Kunamirazve, kunamira kwe toni mbiri, kunamira nepakati
* Kudzivirira zvinonyungudutsa
* Kusagona kushandisa makemikari
* Hunhu hunoshanda: kuramba kushambidzwa kwemotokari, kuramba mvura ine acid, kuramba kupwanya
2) Pendi isingakuvadzi zvakatipoteredza
* Yakasimba Zvikuru: Iyi ipendi ine simba rakawanda inopindura mitemo yeVOC (Volatile Organic Compounds), uye imhando inoderedza huwandu hwezvinhu zvinonyungudutsa zvinoshandiswa. Inoratidzwa nekunzwa kwakanaka kwevhu uye kushandisa resin ine uremu hushoma.
* Rudzi rweWater Bome (pendi inobva mumvura): Iyi ipendi inoderedza huwandu hwe organic solvent inoshandiswa uye inoshandisa mvura (mvura yakachena) se thinner yependi. Sehunhu, nzvimbo yekupisa (IR_Preheat) inogona kupwanya mvura inodiwa panguva yekupenda, saka kugadzirisa nzvimbo kunodiwa, uye sprayer inodawo nzira ye electrode yependi inobva mumvura.
3) Pendi inoshanda
* CCS (Complex Crosslinking System, complex crosslinking type pendi): Imhando yeurethane (isocyanate) kana silane resin umo chikamu chemelamine resin, iyo inogona kukanganiswa nemvura ine acid mu acrylic/melamine resin system, chinotsiviwa, uye kuramba acid uye kuramba scratch kunovandudzwa.
* NCS (New Crosslinking System, New Crosslinking Type Pendi): Pendi isina melamine yakagadzirwa neacid-epoxy curing pa acrylic resin. Inodzivirira acid zvakanyanya, inodzivirira kukwenya, uye inodzivirira mavara.
- Kugona kushanda kwependi yepamusoro: Kuti pendi ikwanise kudzokororwa zvakanaka, pendi inogona kushanda zvakanaka (atomization, flowability, pinhole, smooth, nezvimwewo) zvakakosha. Kuti izvi zviitike, zvakakosha kugadzirisa maitiro e viscosity mukugadzirwa kwemafirimu akawanda kubva pakupenda kusvika pakubika nekuomesa. Mamiriro enzvimbo yekupenda akadai sekupisa, hunyoro, uye kumhanya kwemhepo kweimba yekupenda zvinhu zvakakoshawo.
1) Kupenya kwe resin: huremu hwemorekuru, kuenderana (parameter yekunyungudika: kukosha kweSP)
2) Pigment: kunyudzwa kwemafuta, kuwanda kwepigment (PWC), saizi yezvidimbu zvakapararira
3) Zvinowedzerwa: chinhu chinonamira, chinhu chinoenzanisa, chinhu chinobvisa mavanga, chinhu chinodzivirira kupatsanurwa kwemavara, nezvimwewo.
4) Kumhanya kwekuporesa: kuwanda kwemapoka anoshanda mu base resin, reactivity ye crosslinking agent
Pamusoro pezvo, ukobvu hwefirimu rekuputira hune simba guru pakuonekwa kweganda repamusoro. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, chinhu chinonamira chechimiro chakadai se microgel chinoita kuti zvikwanisike kuyerera uye kuenzana, uye kutaridzika kwacho kunovandudzwa nekuputira ganda gobvu.
- Kusapindirana nemamiriro ekunze kwependi yepamusoro: Kunyangwe mota dzichiratidzwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, pendi yepamusoro inogamuchira chiedza, mvura, okisijeni, kupisa, nezvimwewo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, pane zviitiko zvakawanda zvisina kunaka zvinoitika zvinokanganisa runako.
1) Zviitiko zvemaziso
* Kuora kwekubwinya: Kutsvedzerera kwepamusoro pefirimu rekuputira kunokanganisika, uye kupenya kwechiedza kubva pamusoro kunowedzera. Kuumbwa kweresin kwakakosha, asi kunewo mhedzisiro yepigment.
* Kuchinja ruvara: Ruvara rwekuputira kwekutanga runochinja zvichienderana nekukwegura kwepigment kana resin mufirimu rekuputira. Pakushandisa mota, pigment inodzivirira mamiriro ekunze inofanira kusarudzwa.
2) zviitiko zvemakanika
* Mitswe: Mitswe inowanikwa pamusoro pefirimu rekupenda kana mufirimu rese rekupenda nekuda kwekuchinja kwehunhu hwefirimu rekupenda nekuda kwe photooxidation kana hydrolysis (kudzikira kwehurefu, kunamira, nezvimwewo) uye kushushikana kwemukati. Kunyanya, inowanzo kuitika mufirimu rekupenda resimbi rakajeka, uye pamusoro pekugadzirisa hunhu hwemuviri hwefirimu rekupenda hwekugadzirwa kwe acrylic resin uye kugadzirisa hunhu hwemuviri hwefirimu rekupenda, kushandiswa kwe ultraviolet absorber uye antioxidant kunoshanda.
* Kukwesha: Firimu rekukwesha rinokwesha zvishoma nekuda kwekuderera kwekunamatira kwefirimu rekukwesha kana kudzikira kwehunhu hwerheological, uye kushanda kwemasimba ekunze akadai sekupwanya kana kudedera kwematombo.
3) chiitiko chemakemikari
* Kusvibiswa nemavara: Kana tsvina, zvitunha zvezvipembenene, kana mvura ine acid zvikanamatira pamusoro pefirimu rekuputira, chikamu chacho chinozotsvuka uye chinoshanduka kuita mavanga. Zvakakosha kuisa pigment ne resin isingakwenyi, inodzivirira alkali. Chimwe chezvikonzero nei ganda rakajeka richiiswa paruvara rwesimbi ndechekudzivirira upfu hwearuminiyamu.
- Matambudziko eramangwana e top coat: Runako nedhizaini zviri kuramba zvichikosha mukuvandudza hunhu hwemabhizinesi emotokari. Pakupindura kusiyanisa kwezvinodiwa uye shanduko muzvinhu zvakaita sepurasitiki, zvakakosha kupindura kuzvinodiwa munharaunda zvakaita sekushata kwenzvimbo yekusangana nemotokari uye kudzikiswa kwekusvibiswa kwemhepo. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, ma topcoat akasiyana-siyana emotokari inotevera ari kufungwa nezvawo.
Ngatinyatsoongorora maitiro ekupenda mota uye tione kuti kupisa nekutakura zvinhu zvakawanda zvakakosha papi. Maitiro ekupenda mota ndeekuti:
① Kurapwa Kwepamberi
② Kuisa magiya emagetsi (pasi pejasi)
③ Pendi yechisimbiso
④ Pasi Pekuputira
⑤ pendi yewakisi
⑥ Chinorwisa Chip Primer
⑦ Primer
⑧ Goko repamusoro
⑨ Kubvisa nekupukuta zvikanganiso zvakanaka
Maitiro ekugadzira mota anotora maawa angangoita makumi maviri, ayo gumi, anova hafu, maitiro akanyorwa pamusoro apa anotora maawa angangoita gumi. Pakati pawo, maitiro akakosha uye akakosha ndeekuti kurapa usati watanga, electrodeposition coating (undercoat coating), primer coating, uye top coating. Ngatitarisei pane aya maitiro.
Nguva yekutumira: Mbudzi-08-2022
